Introduction to Stress Management-

Questions: 1.What is the subject of the Research? 2.What are the discoveries from your Research? 3.What are your Recommendations? Answers: 1.The subject of the accompanying examination is pressure the executives. Stress the executives alludes to the different psychotherapies and methods that endeavor to control the degrees of stress that are experienced by someone in particular because of the motivation behind the improvement of the every day working of the concerned individual. The worry in this setting by and large alludes to the constant worry of the concerned individual. The pressure for the most part alludes to the pain, or a sort of stress that has negative outcomes of a huge sum. 2.According to Babatunde, (2013), work pressure, otherwise called word related pressure can't be characterized in a bound together way because of the way that one single unmistakable methodology will be unable to incorporate the marvel in the entirety of its totality. Babatunde further contends that there has been various definitions throughout the years that depict worry to be either an upgrade, or as a reaction to some boost. Stress may likewise have been characterized as the blend of the boost and the reaction to the concerned improvement. The value-based relationship that exists between the concerned people and the general condition of the individual may likewise be characterized as pressure. Stress when characterized as a boost may contain the qualities of the general condition that might be upsetting for the person who is presented to the concerned variables of the environmental factors. The responsive meaning of pressure alludes to the pressure that has its foundations in the mental response of the concerned individual towards the stressors that have been having their influence in the making of the pressure. McVicar et al (2013) contends that there are various written works dependent on the pressure uncover the difficulties that are looked by the individuals because of the pressure that they face at their working environments. The significant issues bringing about the development of the pressure of a representative are the remaining task at hand of the concerned individual, the absence of weightiness of the work appointed, the too much quick pace of work, the bringing down of the independence at work, the harmful frameworks of work and different aggravations that emerge at the work environment. The most widely recognized explanation of the worry among the individuals at their separate work environments result from the contentions coming about because of the equivocalness of the jobs that are relegated to the concerned individual. As per Ackfeldt and Malhotra, (2013), job strife, one of the significant explanations behind the job pressure happens when there is contrariness and incongruency among the requests of the activity and the desires for the business from the representatives of the worry. 3.There might be different number of approaches to deal with the pressure that happens at the working environments. The concerned workers ought to be permitted to take parts from the job needing to be done. A brief break of at some point may assist the representative with applying new viewpoints to their current task. The representatives might be urged to connect with themselves in certain exercises that may end up being gainful for both the psychological and the physical wellbeing of the concerned worker. The earth of the work place must advance a cheerful encounter for the representatives. This is turn causes the representatives to de-worry from their every day work schedule. So as to mitigate the pressure, a worker may likewise counsel the pressure issue with his associates or seniors so as to get an answer for the pressure that he is confronting. Reflection may likewise end up being one of the pressure relievers in the event of authoritative pressure. References Ackfeldt, A. L., Malhotra, N. (2013). Returning to the job pressure duty relationship: can administrative intercessions help?.European diary of marketing,47(3/4), 353-374. Babatunde, A. (2013). Word related Stress: A Review on Conceptualisations, Causes and Cure.Economic Insights-Trends Challenges,65(3). McVicar, A., Munn-Giddings, C., Seebohm, P. (2013). Work environment stress intercessions utilizing participatory activity research designs.International Journal of Workplace Health Management,6(1), 18-37.

Marketing Events Plan for Ocean Spray Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Promoting Events Plan for Ocean Spray - Essay Example Nonetheless, it will take the supervisory crew different procedures to think of a viable promoting occasion methodology. From showcase and situational investigation, to arranging, execution and even up to occasion assessment, the advertising interchanges group needs to focus on everything about, aware of market and contender patterns to have the option to situate the improved class in like manner. Taste of Christmas in one of the channels that administration is tapping to help them into accomplishing their business and corporate targets. Sea Spray’s interest in this famous occasion is viewed as an achievement and a significant venturing stone towards further market advantage. II. Presentation Ocean Spray’s grand re-dispatch of its cranberry sauce line is good to go to happen this December. Having finished its Product Development in the second from last quarter of this current year, and its total creation this November, the organization is prepared to acquaint with the m arket its improved product offering †the all new Wholeberry and Smooth Cranberry Sauce in the new Orbitâ„ ¢ Easy open cover. Some portion of its Marketing Communications Plan is an enormous and nation wide re dispatch execution that will include both over the line and underneath the line advertising endeavors. Commencing with the tri-media promotion arrangements at the same time discharged in December 1, the Marketing Communications group will organize a progression of displays and occasions sponsorships the entire of December, in an ideal opportunity for these special seasons. The point is to support the tri media promotion arrangements and keep developing business sector enthusiasm for this item advancement. The greatest foreseen occasion is Ocean Spray’s investment in the Taste of Christmas London Exhibition, a yearly occasion displaying the city’s best culinary contributions. With the objective market caught in an ideal setting, where food inspecting regula rly prompts rehash item buy and dependability, Ocean Spray’s the board is hopeful on making up for lost time with their year-end focuses during and after this three-day occasion. This Marketing and Events plan tries to plot the company’s occasion destinations by giving an investigation of the past advertising and deals for this specific product offering. It further means to show the execution plan through a conversation of the procedures involved to conceivably arrive at the given destinations. III. Investigation The arrangement to take an interest in the city’s greatest yearly food celebration is in synchrony with the company’s 5-year promoting and business goals, which is to push Ocean Spray’s Wholeberry and Smooth Cranberry Sauce as the main item in the UK under its class. The Ocean Spray Cranberry Sauce was presented in the UK during the 70s and has since become a mainstream brand, frequently connected with broil Turkey. The organization invite d the 90s with the vision of further market global extension, hence applying all the more showcasing endeavors abroad, including the UK (Ocean Spray 2011). For longer than 10 years at this point, it has become the main cranberry sauce brand, in front of the privately created Schwartz Cranberry Sauce (Schwartz 2011) and other imported cranberry sauce brands, Canada’s Port Cranberry and Australia’s Wood’s Cranberry Sauce. Dispersed by Ocean Spray International Services (UK) Ltd., it gauges yearly deals of $ 3,199, 473 (Ocean Spray International Services UK Ltd 2011). Be that as it may, in 2010, there was a critical decrease in organization deals in the UK,

How to Make a Book in 5 Ultra-Simple Steps

The most effective method to Make a Book in 5 Ultra-Simple Steps The most effective method to Make a Book: Binding a Hardback in 5 Simple Steps At the point when we talk about how to make a book in 2018, we frequently talk about sending out documents to Kindles and other digital book perusers. Be that as it may, shouldn't something be said about the good old craft of making a book by hand? Some state that bookbinding is a withering craftsmanship - however we figure it’s due for a comeback.In this post, we’ll tell you the best way to make a delightful book. Any clear tome as well as an excellent novel, diary, or true to life book - arranged to an expert norm, and bound in a hardback spread. What's more, best of all, it should cost you close to fifteen or twenty dollars! Need to realize how to hand-make a hardback book? Look no further! So if you’ve composed a bit of fiction or true to life and you need to realize how to make a duplicate that you can blessing to somebody exceptional (or have as a souvenir), basically follow all the means beneath. Or on the other hand if you’re hoping to make a clear note pad, don't hesitate to hop directly to step three.You will figure out how to:Format your book to an expert norm (for free)Print your book into signaturesAssemble the marks into bound foliosCreate a hardcoverCombine the elementsWhat you will needAnd there you have it! A lovely gem that will invest wholeheartedly of spot on your shelf - and you made everything without anyone else. Congratulations!If you have any inquiries regarding making a book or utilizing Reedsy’s organizing apparatus, drop us a remark in the crate underneath.

US Energy Security

Official SUMMARY Banks are key to each general public; they give the subsidizing that encourages business and enterprise, bolster a sound budgetary framework, and help to make occupations and riches. Banks in the UK work in a profoundly serious, globalized yet gently controlled condition. They face progressively all around educated and ‘energetic’ clients, decided administrators, and electorates who are getting earth mindful. They need to adjust to changing financial and economic situations, quick changing customer needs and desires. Their business is impacted by worldwide financial, political, administrative, mechanical and other flighty components. Thus, they need to gadget their procedures, arrangements and activities to adjust to these adjustments so as to meet partner desires and fulfill purchaser needs. In this task, I attempt to portray and assess changing business condition of Barclays Bank Plc in the course of the most recent five years. Presentation About Barclays Bank Plc Barclays is a significant worldwide money related administrations supplier occupied with retail banking, charge cards, corporate banking, venture banking, riches the executives and speculation the board administrations with a broad global nearness in Europe, the Americas, Africa and Asia. Barclays Group home office is at 1 Churchill Place in London, UK, however it has tasks everywhere throughout the world, with items and administrations to address the issues of clients and customers in nearby markets. With more than 300 years of history and ability in banking, Barclays works in more than 50 nations and utilizes in excess of 144,000 individuals. Barclays moves, loans, puts away and secures cash for in excess of 48 million clients and customers around the world. Authoritative structure Barclays is comprised of two ‘Clusters’: Global Retail Banking, and Corporate and Investment Banking and Wealth Management, every one of which has various Business Units. The third significant territory of the business is Group Center, which contains all our basic help capacities. UK Banking Industry UK’s banking division, following the US and Japan, is the world’s third biggest and thought about premier as far as: effectiveness, dynamism and profit for capital. Notwithstanding having one of the biggest business banking ventures, the UK is likewise a significant global place for speculation and private banking. The UK banking sector’s solid universal direction is reflected in the significant remote nearness and sizeable resources of outside banks in London. It administrations 95% of the populace with about 3.5% of UK’s workforce †over a million laborers. Banks and money related administrations contribute  £70bn to the UK’s national yield (6.8% of GDP) and give 25% of complete company charge ( £8bn) to the UK Government. The principle retail banks give over 125m records, clear 7bn exchanges a year and encourage 2.3bn money withdrawals every year from its system of more than 30,000 free ATMs. Banks in the UK contribute well over  £100m every year to good cause and neighborhood network activities. UK banks are approved and controlled by Financial Services Authority under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA). Monetary Services Authority is a free non-administrative body which practices legal powers under the FSMA. The FSMA requires the FSA to seek after four goals: to keep up trust in the UK budgetary framework; to advance open comprehension of the monetary framework; to make sure about a proper degree ofâ protection for customers while perceiving their own obligations; and to diminish the extension for money related wrongdoing. Banks of England is liable for keeping up by and large soundness of the monetary framework an entirety. The Bank sets loan costs of UK and is likewise answerable for distinguishing and constraining foundational budgetary hazard. Investigation Barclays bank works practically everywhere throughout the world and subsequently its activities are affected by the worldwide financial conditions. I have utilized PESTEL system to portray and assess business condition of Barclays Bank plc. It classifies ecological variables into six principle types: political, financial, social, innovative, natural and lawful. Political * Government strength * Taxation strategy * Foreign exchange guidelines * Social government assistance strategies Monetary variables * Business cycles * GNP patterns * Interest rates * Money flexibly * Income dispersion * Social versatility * Lifestyle changes * Attitudes to work and recreation * Consumerism * Levels of training Innovative * Government spending on look into * Government and industry center around innovative exertion * New disclosures/improvement * Speed of innovation move * Rates of oldness Ecological * Environmental insurance laws * Waste removal * Energy utilization Legitimate * Monopolies enactment * Employment law * Health and security * Product security The adjustment in the business condition of Barclays bank Monetary elements The breakdown of a worldwide lodging bubble, which topped in the U.S. in 2006, caused the estimations of protections attached to land valuing to plunge from there on, harming monetary foundations all inclusive. Questions with respect to bank dissolvability, decreases in credit accessibility, and harmed speculator certainty affected worldwide financial exchanges, where protections endured enormous misfortunes during late 2008 and mid 2009. Economies overall eased back during this period as credit fixed and global exchange declined. Governments and national banks reacted with exceptional financial upgrade, money related approach extension, and institutional bailouts. The resulting development of a more extensive arrangement of credit issues †in contracts and in corporate loaning, and specifically in business land †produced credit limit limitations and financial log jam. An underlying spotlight on financing issues, with the disappointment of Northern Rock caused not by promptly clear dissolvability/credit quality issues, yet by the evaporating of the market for both securitised credit resources and discount subsidizing accessibility. Such subsidizing issues were additionally basic to the issues of Bradford and Bingley and HBOS in September/October 2008. The UK economy was formally proclaimed to be in downturn on sixth May 2009. The Office of National Statistics said that Gross residential item (GDP) fell by 1.5% over the most recent three months of 2008, after a 0.6% constriction inâ the past quarter. Downturn is commonly characterized as two fourth of progressive withdrawals in GDP, which implies the UK had been in downturn since July 2008. Modern creation fell by a huge 3.9 percent over the quarter, while the predominant administrations segment fell by one percent. Joblessness had likewise ascended to 2.47 million in the three months to July 2009. It was at its most significant level in a long time since May 1995. The UK economy came out of downturn in 2010, after figures demonstrated it had developed by 0.1% over the most recent three months of 2009. In the second seven day stretch of January 2010, UK joblessness succumbed to the first run through in multi month. The UK’s creation and administration areas each developed by 0.1% during the quarter. The UK downturn started in the April-to-June quarter of 2008, and was the longest UK downturn on record. During year and a half of downturn, open getting expanded to an expected  £178bn, while yield drooped by 6%. Effect on Barclays Bank’s execution Barclays declared record benefits of more than  £11 billion for 2009 †a 92% ascent on the earlier year. Its presentation driven to a great extent by a solid restoration in its venture banking arm Barclays Capital. Benefits were additionally helped by offer of store the executives business Barclays Global Investors, and the option of the New York activities of bombed speculation bank Lehman Brothers toward the finish of 2008. The BGI deal added  £6.3 billion to pre-charge benefits. Barclays Capital contributed  £2.5 billion of the bank’s fundamental benefit of  £5.3 billion which was 13% down on 2008’s  £6 billion. Be that as it may, the bank’s benefit was exceptionally influenced by the worldwide financial log jam and breaking down monetary conditions in the UK. Its UK Retail Banking benefit before charge in 2009 diminished 55% ( £757m) to  £612m (2008:  £1,369m), affected by low loan fees bringing about edge pressure on the store book and expanded hindrance charges which together more than balance all around controlled expenses and an improved resources edge. Impedance charges rose to  £974m (2008:  £414m), mirroring the effect of the monetary downturn over the business with proceeded with pressure on corporate liquidity, rising default rates and lower resource esteems. Barclays implemented severe rules on new Mastercard applications, utilizing aâ scoring framework that takes more than 400 factors into account while evaluating an applicant’s likely capacity to deal with their credit. Around half of uses for charge cards are declined accordingly. Solid salary development (2009) over the portfolio driven by expanded loaning, improved edges and outside trade gains, was balanced by higher hindrance charges, driven by the disintegration in the worldwide economy. Disability charges in the global organizations expanded  £444m, driven by higher misconducts due to breaking down monetary conditions. UK portfolio charges were higher because of rising wrongdoings because of the financial decay, particularly in the credit portfolios, and the incorporation of Goldfish in UK Cards. The debilitation charge in Global Retail and Commercial Banking expanded by 85% ( £2,473m) to  £5,395m (2008:  £2,922m) as charges rose in all portfolios, reflecting crumbling credit conditions over all locales. Debilitation charges on credits and advances expanded half ( £2,445m) to  £7,358m (2008:  £4,913m). The expansion was fundamentally because of financial weakening and portfolio development, cash developments and system improve

How to Use the Samples of Clasification Essay For Students Usage

How to Use the Samples of Clasification Essay For Students' UsageThe samples of classification essay usually contain sentence structures and style points that are used to help students practice writing for essays. As an adjunct professor of English composition, I have often been asked by students to help them develop a good writing style, so the samples of classification essay can provide a valuable tool for this purpose.Often students who are struggling with their essays will only read from the samples of classification essay. This provides them with a feel for how the writer is supposed to write an essay. In addition, it makes it easier for the student to imagine how the writer will describe his or her subject.The sample of classification essay is a great way to begin developing an essay writing style that will be appropriate for the course at hand. Many times students will read from the essay and they will become accustomed to the various style points before they even start to wri te their own essay.Also, you should consider that the samples of classification essay can also be helpful to students in other ways. By reading from these samples, students can be reminded of what essay topic would be suitable for their topic of study, or, they can find out more about writing an essay topic from you. The samples of classification essay can also help them as they revise their essay or in other courses that use the essay format.After all, if your student has started writing essays on topics such as religion, then reading from samples of classification essay can give him or her more experience with writing about religious topics. The samples can show the student that the way to write a strong sentence structure is not to use too many adverbs, but rather, to use them in the right places. Or the student can learn to use the proper subject pronoun, and the correct verbs.For example, instead of using the word 'I' in the subject position in the sample essay topics, the stud ent can use 'we' instead. They can also learn to use the right verb tense.Using the samples of classification essay is a very effective way to learn about writing for essay. Often, these are very informative and enjoyable to read. Once you have finished reading the sample essays, the student will quickly gain a feel for the way to word a sentence or a paragraph.These types of essay samples can be used to help a student's pace. In addition, there is no set text that is used as a template for all the samples of classification essay. The various examples can range from short essays to conform and everything in between.

The Voices Within

It's a rejection letter, a voice in my head snickered as I held the envelope. I stared at the maroon insignia in its corner, the symbol of the only college I longed to attend: the University of Tampa. It's thick, though. It doesn't take that much to reject someone, a more optimistic voice reasoned. It was thicker than the usual "Hello, how are you doing" letter, but that could mean anything. Maybe they thought the idea of my attending their school was so hilarious that they'd sent three pages of typed laughter. Maybe they were sending back my application with notes like, "Have you seen your grades? Not to mention those dismal SAT scores." Really, it had to be a rejection letter.Just open it and get it over with. I was inclined to believe my seemingly realistic inner voice as I stood there, practically frozen in terrified anticipation. I couldn't help but want to believe that voice, for if the letter was in fact a rejection, I could always say I saw it coming.Please! Tampa's admission s counselor was impressed with your grades and SAT score. You're in; open it so you can gloat. I pinched the envelope again, running my fingers across the tab that I was itching to rip open. Oh, how sweet it would be to feel wanted by the school I had fallen in love with. My heart raced as I thought about how happy I would feel spending the beginning of Christmas break on the beach, waking up to a brisk ocean breeze in the middle of January, disregarding forecasts for snow. Tampa was calling my name.Make sure you get those back-up applications for the Boston schools done; you're going to need them. Boston. No perpetual summer. No warm ocean breezes. No longing. Boston didn't even know my name, let alone call it. Throw out those Boston applications, you don't need them. Open the letter!Yeah, accept your failure and move on with your life.I tore open the envelope, and unfolded the letter. I hesitated before reading. This was it. Would my dream of attending my first-choice college come true? Would I be doomed to have the cloud of denial floating over my head for the rest of my life? Do colleges realize what they put students through? I took a deep breath and began to read. A smile spread across my face."Congratulations! It is a pleasure to inform you that the Admissions Committee has voted to admit you to the University of Tampa for the fall 2004 semester."Florida, here I come ...

Res 351 Week 2 Business Research Ethics Essay - 847 Words

Research Ethics Grace N. Lockhart RES/351 March 20, 2012 Mr. Charles McMahon Research Ethics Webster’s Dictionary defines ethics as â€Å"a set of moral principles: a theory or system of moral values.† (Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 2011). Every person has ethics that he or she lives by, but sometimes in the business world many unethical business transactions occur. People do not realize that sometimes the statistics that he or she are fed have been falsified in order to get him or her to purchase a product or lure him or her in to participate in via false promises. The ideas of an unethical business practices to gain a statistical advantage is not a new idea. As a countries economy grows the population begins to see more†¦show more content†¦The article goes on to say that â€Å"some of the misleading reporting observed†¦was deliberate† (Gary, 2010). It is unethical to try and sway the consumer into using your product with false or misleading information. When someone is sick he or she wants the best care that his or her insurance c an provide and he or she are not getting that with this misleading information. The author of the article seems to be concerned with this idea of unethical medical research. According to the author research has proven that misleading research is used often for financial gain. The author does not site one specific person or business, but points the finger at the healthcare and drug markets in general. The author does use one specific source for his research though. He found gaps in the marketing of Pleo-Sanum. He noticed that one of the statements in the article about the product stated that â€Å"The investigators reported in the Results section that active treatment produced a significant benefit, whereas placebo did not.† A normal person reading the article would not catch on to the fact that the product had been spun to make the product seem better. Consumers are not dumb, but have no choice but believe what is laid out in front of them. Consumers expect the peopl e who are selling the products to be honest and ethical individuals but research hasShow MoreRelatedBusiness Research786 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness Research Ethics University Of Phoenix RES/351 PA12BSB01 Instructor: Dr. Jay Deb Workshop/ Week No.: 2 September 4, 2012 Business Research Ethics â€Å"Many patients volunteer for research in the hope that the knowledge generated will benefit others. When a company deceives them into volunteering for a useless study, it cynically exploits their good will, undermining the cause of legitimate research everywhere (Elliot, 2011).† Last year, the Archives of Internal MedicineRead MoreBusiness Research Ethics Essay631 Words   |  3 PagesBusiness Research Ethics Lorna Goldsmit RES/351 Week 2 When it comes to ethical or moral codes, companies need to certify that the company as a whole follows the highest standards of moral codes at all times and for all occasions. In addition, having higher moral standards are important and necessary in business, as well as times of investigation. For this essay, I will be reviewing a case where dishonest business examination procedures were performed by a companyRead MoreEssay on Business Admin2889 Words   |  12 Pagesrange of business cases and the cogent synthesis of appropriate solutions, with an ongoing sense of what is the most ETHICAL path to follow in any given case. 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I broadly explore the question by examining several common criticisms of CEO pay through both philosophical and empirical lenses. While some criticisms appear to be unfounded, the analysis shows not only that current compensation practices are problematic both from the standpoint of distributive justice and fairness, but also thatRead MoreComparison of Google and Apple corporate culture3420 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿ Comparison of Google and Apple Corporate Cultures Term Paper in Partial Fulfillment for RES- 510, Research and Statistics By Most Nargis Fatema IGlobal University Taught by Dr. Edward Stoker. July 29, 2014 Contents Abstract This paper defines the concept of ‘cultures’ of organization and compare the cultures between two renown Organization, analyzes it with various tools like services, employment, stocks, and environ mental issues and studiesRead MoreBrand and Page25228 Words   |  101 Pagesroom for adaptation to local tastes. If research of the U.S. market showed that Americans preferred larger beds than their Swedish counterparts, which of the following strategies would be advisable to Ikea? a. standardization. b. new product development. c. adaptation. d. withdraw from market. e. lower prices to encourage attitude change. Answer: (c) Difficulty: (1) Knowledge: (A) Page: 349 2. In the Australian market, rather than manufacturingRead MoreWorkplace Deviance, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and Business Unit Performance: the Bad Apples Do Spoil the Whole Barrel8162 Words   |  33 Pagesdeviance, organizational citizenship behavior, and business unit performance: the bad apples do spoil the whole barrel PATRICK D. DUNLOP1* AND KIBEOM LEE2 1 2 Summary School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada The inï ¬â€šuences of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and workplace deviant behavior (WDB) on business unit performance were investigated using data from

Modern Medicine The Traditional Medicine System

Plant as a source of Medicine: The traditional medicine system that involves use of medicinal plants for curing various human and animal diseases is as old as human society. Most of the people living in rural areas depend on herbal medicines for treatment of some common diseases such as cold, cough, fever, bronchitis, asthma, stomach ache and many more. This is because people in rural and semi urban areas are devoid of proper medical facilities and since plants are easily available for them, they use plant based formulations for curing these common diseases. People accept plant based medicine because of its long history of use its less side effects. The medicine system that we use in our day to day life falls under two broad categories. One is the modern medicine system i.e allopathy that mostly uses synthetic drugs. Synthetic drugs appeared to be toxic and have side effects for human health. The other medicine system is the traditional medicine system, the best example which is Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha which includes codified information. There is another medicine system which includes folklore culture and traditional belief where the medicinal information is not well documented and not even tapped. This type traditional knowledge is confined to some societies and the information is handed down from one generation to the next from many years. This is known as ethnomedicine which is gaining much interest from second half of the twentieth century. Ethonomedicine basicallyShow MoreRelatedTraditional Medicine And Alternative Medicine1440 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Traditional Medicine is we have to talk about what exactly Trad itional Medicine is in general. Traditional Medicine is often referred to as folk medicine or alternative medicine. Folk Medicine is one of the oldest and most traditional forms of a health care system in Africa and has been tested time and time again. 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Facilities in said provinces have been established to provide culturally safe care, putting to use ancestral medicine and qualified First Nation midwives. The current health statistics and feedback received after

Essay about Phillis Wheatley - 1780 Words

Phillis Wheatley Phillis Wheatley was Americas first black poet. She was born in Senegal, Africa in 1753 and she was sold into slavery at the age of seven to John and Susannah Wheatley of Boston. Phillis was soon accepted as a member of the family, and was raised with the Wheatleys other two children. Phillis soon displayed her remarkable talents by learning to read and write English. At the age of twelve she was reading the Greek and Latin classics, and passages from the Bible. At thirteen she wrote her first poem. Phillis became a Boston sensation after she wrote a poem on the death of the evangelical preacher George Whitefield in 1770. Three years later thirty-nine of her poems were published in London as Poems on Various†¦show more content†¦She went back for her husband, but he had remarried and did not want to follow her. In 1857, Harriet finally returned for her parents and settled them in Auburn, New York. She was nicknamed the Moses of her people for leading them to freedom. In all, Harriet made 19 trips on the Underground Railroad and freed more than 300 slaves. With the arrival of the Civil War, Harriet became a spy for the Union army. She later worked in Washington DC as a government nurse. At the end of the war, Harriet returned to her parents in Auburn. In 1897, her bravery even inspired Queen Victoria to award her a silver medal. On March 10, 1913, Harriet died of pneumonia. She was 93 years old. The Underground Railroad Prior to 1837, abolitionist organizations flourished all across America. Due in part to the prosperous agricultural crops of the South, it was clear that slavery would not end soon. Once their actions became known, southern abolition organization soon vanished. To continue their operations in the South was sure to meet with violent resistance that often included death. Quakers and other sympathetic groups had over the years developed a path of freedom to the North. 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The Legacy Of American Sociology - 1433 Words

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When Thinking About Women’S Movements, One Is Likely To

When thinking about women’s movements, one is likely to associate them with an event that has taken place in either the United States or Canada. Nevertheless, it is evident that women s movements have historically occurred across the globe. Often, however, individuals do not take this into consideration when thinking about how these types of movements have had an influence on society in the 21st century. While reading the article: Political Culture, Catalan Nationalism, and the Women’s Movement in Early Twentieth-Century Spain, I was informed about a historical movement that has had a profound societal influence, The Spanish Women’s Movement. Within Mediterranean Studies, we learn about many different historical events that took place,†¦show more content†¦This included their overall experience concerning how they were treated in regards to their social class, national identity, political culture, and gender reality. Once they became cognizant of their p oor treatment and developed the courage to stand up for themselves, they began this movement, which has led to great success in relation to social and political developments. As this political culture grew, many Catalan women believed that differences among genders had a profound impact on claiming women’s rights, more specifically, however, within the field of education and paid work. Subsequent to this argument, readers got a more descriptive understanding on nationalism and the formulation of Catalan feminism. At first, we are informed that by 1910, the word feminism was used quite commonly and exclusively by the women on the Catalan bourgeoisie, in order to define their movement. Throughout this time period, Catalan feminism was defined as social feminism, which was regarded towards the achievements of women’s rights in civil society. 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Communication Plan of Earls Restaurant-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Analyze the Case Study on the Communication Plan of Earls restaurant along with evaluating the alternative actions. Answer: Introduction Earls is in business since 1982 in Edmonton, Alberta. A pair of father and son named Leroy Earl Fuller and Stanley Earl Fuller started this business. Albertans claimed that Earls as one of their own businesses because it was founder in their province. Alberta by 2016 had the largest number of Earls restaurant in 26 locations. This chain of restaurant mainly believes in promoting a learning culture for which they always make their workers starts their employment journey from lower positions so that their employees can do mistakes and learn from them. They mainly recruit young candidates who do not have any previous work experiences and are very much new to this restaurant industry. Therefore, in this report the main aim is to analyze the case study on the communication plan of Earls restaurant along with evaluating the alternative actions and lastly, among them highlighting the final recommendation and how that can be implemented and the impact of decision on the stakeholders. Analysis The key issues in this case is that Earls restaurant is facing a communication crisis that has been infused since midweek and do need an immediate strategic intervention. The issue mainly started when at a press conference Earls announced that they would be serving their customers only humane beef that are nurtured without the use of any kind of antibiotics, steroids or hormones. Not only this they also tweeted in the social media that Earls is the first chain who will be sourcing beef from a certified Humane farms in all of their restaurants in North America. As this news went viral the Alberta Beef Producers came on the national news and reported that by Earls announcement they felt that Earls are hinting that Canadian ranchers are not nurturing their animals in a humanly manner. Due to this issue, the restaurant is continuously getting phone calls in their head office from the disturbed Albertans and ranchers. The main fact is that the cows that are nurtured in the commercial firm s are getting bigger in size because of the use of hormones. The ranchers mainly believe that if their cows were heavier then it would in turn give them higher market returns. However, the individuals or groups who will have necessary stake in the outcome are consumers, ranchers, the employees, the company as a whole. The key issue of Earls restaurant does have an association with organizational behavior concepts are mainly of decision-making and teams. In this issue faced by Earls, the concepts of decision-making do play an important role because decision making is mainly coming up with choices among the alternative actions or inactions (Pettigrew, 2014). Jessa, who is the president of this restaurant after speaking to his core team, regional heads, consultants and the member of the owners family, reached three broader alternatives among which he has to take the right decision. In organizations, it has been mainly seen that the information gathered from the members are ultimately used to reach an effective decision-making. The alternatives that are decided are useful as well as applicable for this particular issue but keeping in mind the severity of the circumstance after waiting their advantages and disadvantages only one final decision is taken. Another concept of organizational behavior that i s associated with this issue is a team that is mainly the problem solving teamwork is being highlighted in reaching the decisions (Robbins, Judge, 2012). Problem solving teams mainly comprise 5-12 members, in which members from different department can be involve sharing and suggesting ideas as well as techniques for improving the problematic situation. The team who was mainly involved in the problem solving team are the president, consultants, the front-line employees, the senior management team as well as the owners family member. Everyone has some contribution in solving this problem and reaching to decision that what ways they have to deal with this problem. Evaluation The alternatives for action that are stated in this case study for the issue that Earls is facing are described as below along with the pros and cons each are having - The very first alternative that came up is to do nothing. That is no step will be taken and the restaurant will wait for this complicated time to pass. As nothing stays, forever so, this situation will also not stay for long and thus, they must sit quietly without taking any action. Pros This kind of issues in the media are there for very short period of time as it can very soon taken up by other major issues Any publication is it good or bad is bringing name recognition to Earls. Thus, getting the publicity is in a way beneficial Cons This kind of a controversy can be very hazardous to Earls reputation. Thus if they keep numb then that would definitely affect them more. They will lose loyal as well as potential customers along with those efficient employees who were working in this restaurant having the faith in the organization that they stand by their words. It will also negatively affect the bond of buyers (company) and suppliers. The second alternative is that Earls can return to buying the normally raised beef in the locality. Along with this, they can compensate to the Canadian beef industry for taking such a decision and move on. Pros This will maintain peace among the stakeholders as well as the ranchers. This can surely protect their long-term interests of their business. Cons The disadvantage of this alternative can be that they might neglect the obvious concerns of Earls customers as well as employees. The front-line employees who actually faced the critical comments will get very upset if Earls surrender. Lastly, the only solution remains where they can stick to what right decision they have taken and accordingly should proceed in serving humane beef that is nurtured without using hormones, steroids or any kind of antibiotics. Pros The ranchers of Canada can come to their confidence if they apologize to them Usage of smaller production of Canadian beef Cons This implementation will be very much time consuming as raising a new generation cattle without using any antibiotics, hormones or steroids. Final recommendation The final recommendation would be that Earls must not back off and stick to what is right. However, the main rationale for choosing this is that if they stand by what they have decided then this will definitely have a positive effect on their reputation. By sticking to their act, they will definitely turn on many potential and loyal customers. Moreover, they also believe that they have not done any mistake by taking such a decision for their chain of restaurant but the only drawback was that before announcing their decision publicly they should have taken the ranchers of Canada in their confidence. The only course of action that Earls should take now is that firstly, they must apologize to the Canadian ranchers which will calm the agitated rancher a little and followed that Earls can further utilize as much as small production of Canadian beef which can meet the criteria of the restaurant. This is the only solution they have for now because they cannot shift back off from their idea. However, the key stakeholders of Earl is mainly their customers, suppliers and employees (mainly the front-line employees) and the ways in which the decision will have an impact on each of them are as follows- Customers- After this decision the customers perceived value (CPV) will be enhanced. Thus, the customers will be more loyal to this restaurant as this decision will benefit them. Suppliers- Suppliers including the Canadian ranchers will also be satisfied as Earls is apologizing from them as well as they are not isolating them totally rather using small amount of Canadian beef. Employees- Employees will become more loyal to the restaurant because after being bullied by the criticizers they will at least get the assurance that the organization stood by them without giving up their idea. Conclusion To conclude this report, it can be said that the main issue that the Earls restaurant is facing is that they have announced without taking the Canadian ranchers that they will serve only humane beef that are nurtured without the use of any kind of hormones, antibiotics or steroids. They have further posted their message in the social media stating that they are the first chain of restaurants in North America will be serving beef from the certified humane farms. This somehow irate the Alberta Beef Producers who counter attack them by saying that Earls are in a way saying that Canadian ranchers do not raise their cattle humanely. However, among from the alternative actions they must stand by what is correct that is stick to their idea but they must also rectify their mistake, which was that before announcing their idea they should have taken the Canadian ranchers under their confidence. Thus, they must apologize to the ranchers and include small portion of Canadian beef to their restau rants. References Ivey Publishing - Product View. (2017).Iveycases.com. Kinicki, A., Kreitner, R. (2012).Organizational behavior: Key concepts, skills best practices. McGraw-Hill Irwin. Nahavandi, A., Denhardt, R. B., Denhardt, J. V., Aristigueta, M. P. (2013).Organizational behavior. Sage Publications. Pettigrew, A. M. (2014).The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge. Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. (2012). Essentials of organizational behavior. Wagner III, J. A., Hollenbeck, J. R. (2014).Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge.

Economics and Scarcity free essay sample

A discussion on economic nexus and the way in which it has created scarcity. The following paper examines the affect of economic agent behavior on scarcity. It defines market fundamentalism and economic agent behavior. The writer also examines what the best outcome is for society and for the consumer. This paper looks at whether the consumers best interest is satisfied by the market. All the above are discussed with reference to the economic theory of self-interest, opportunistic behavior, and the economic person. The development of agent theory in economics is based on assumptions and its impetus that the interests of owners and managers of publicly held corporations may diverge (Wright 295). Sometimes the wishes of stockholders are distorted in favor of the managers of the businesses. The reasoning behind this is that the national economy might suffer if the managers of the firm appeared to be economically predisposed, selfish, and opportunistic. We will write a custom essay sample on Economics and Scarcity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Our contention is that agency theorys assumptions of self-serving individuals who are primarily economically oriented and predisposed to opportunism, when applied to a firm, it may be incompatible with that firms achievement of competitive advantage (Wright 295). Thus, they do not supply the best interests of the stockholders.

Essay Prompts

Essay PromptsThe essay prompt is one of the most essential parts of an essay. In order to write a successful essay it is necessary to be familiar with the format, content and style of this particular essay prompt.There are several important aspects of the essay prompt that need to be understood before submitting the assignment. The essay prompt consists of a wide variety of instructions, some of which include writing a paragraph break, using a comma and using a period to delimit paragraphs. Moreover, one of the other forms of essay prompts include categories such as: persuasive essay prompt, essay prompt for research papers, essay prompt for examinations etc.However, when using the order form of this particular essay prompt, it is essential to keep in mind that the order in which you write the text is crucial. It is crucial to place the topic first in the order form. After this, there is a space of about one to three sentences to place in the supporting details. This leads to one of the most important considerations when using the order form of the essay prompt.One of the most important aspects that is included in the order form is using of commas. As a matter of fact, there are a number of cases where the use of a comma can be crucial. When the same essay prompt uses a sequence of sentences, the use of a comma will assist the reader to understand that the sentences are linked by a single thought. In addition, there are some essay prompts that use quotation marks.Therefore, it is essential to use the order form of this particular essay prompt in order to make sure that the sequence of the sentences is clear. When using the order form of the essay prompt, the use of quotation marks can be crucial. If one uses quotation marks, it is important to note that these quotation marks help the reader to understand that you are quoting.The use of direct quotation is another critical aspect of the essay prompt. There are a number of instances when the use of direct quotati on helps to emphasize the importance of the ideas and facts. There are many instances where the use of direct quotation helps to demonstrate the relevance of the concept. In addition, if a student chooses to use quotation marks, he/she needs to be careful not to include the period at the end of the word in the quotation.There are also a number of other important aspects that need to be understood before submitting the assignment. Most of the essay prompts have a standard format where there is a single sentence to close the paragraph. In addition, the assignment that provides the writer with the option to write in the first person or the third person.The essay prompt that requires one to write in the first person tells the reader about the author's perception of himself/herself in the current situation. The third person is used in the assignment when the writer writes from his/her perspective. Thus, it is important to remember that all of these are critical components of the essay pr ompt.

Aborigine-Invading Settler Relationship in Rabbit-Proof Fence

Aborigine-Invading Settler Relationship in Rabbit-Proof Fence Free Online Research Papers Philip Noyce’s film Rabbit-Proof Fence is a film about three Aboriginal girls named Molly Craig, Daisy Kadabil and Gracie Fields and it explores the lives of these girls coinciding with the Australian western society during the Stolen Generation period. The police of the white Australians captured the girls due to their mixed-blood status; half white, half Aboriginal. They were taken from their parents and were put into a settlement with other mixed bloods known as â€Å"half-castes†. The film also tells of their escape from the Moore River Settlement and their return to their families, except for Gracie. The film is based on a book entitled Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence which is inspired by true events and is written by Doris Pilkington Garimara, the daughter of the protagonist Molly (â€Å"Rabbit-Proof Fence†). The film attempts to untangle many issues of Australian history. It explores the issues such as the relationship between the Aborigines and the invading-settlers, explains the reason why half-caste Aboriginals were taken from their families and what happened once they are captured. The ‘Stolen Generation’ consists of children of Australian Aboriginal descent who suffer the destruction of identity, family life and culture because they were removed from their families by the Australian and State government agencies under the Aborigines Act (â€Å"Bring them home†). It is documented that the removals occurred in the period between approximately 1869 and 1970s (Marten 229, Australian Museum 1-6, Read 1-34). This was caused because, by the mid-nineteenth century, white settlers had begun their encroachment of native Aboriginal lands, resulting in inevitable mixing of white and Aboriginal blood. The children of this union were known as â€Å"half-caste† and their growing presence is seen as a threat to civilized society by the Australian authorities (Stratton 70). Motives for the removal of the children from their families are heavily debated and include fears of miscegenation, child protection and a desire to attain white racial purity (Bates 243). In order to achieve the aforementioned motives, cultural imperialism and subjugation of the Aborigine will be discussed. First and foremost is cultural imperialism. British colonial rule relied on the perception that non-white people and non-Western cultures as inferior and needed the ‘advanced civilization’ offered by Western culture. The colonizers found it beneficial for children to adapt to Western society as they believed that the indigenous people lived ‘unhappy lives’ and the thought of them conforming to the ‘western lifestyle to be ideal’ (Klages 147-152, Stratton 70). Britain extended its national rule to countries and areas all over the world from the late seventeenth century to the middle of the twentieth century (â€Å"Colonialism†). The British formed British colonies and in most cases took over the administration of the government in order for British laws and customs to rule the people who lived half a world away from Britain itself. British colonial rule meant teaching the indigenous people about the superiority of Western practices through the setting up systems of police, courts and legislatures following British laws (Klages 147-152). It is also done by sending missionaries to convert natives to Christianity, establishing churches, setting up schools to teach British customs, and the English language to children and adults in order to make them more like British citizens. The Australian government itself stems from British colonial rule and thus followed the aforementioned things. When Molly, Daisy and Gracie were taken from their parents by the police, they were transported to Moore River Settlement, more than a thousand miles away from their families. When they are at the settlement, they were forced to speak English, abandon their traditional beliefs and culture, taught to adopt to western society and were brought up to believe in Christianity as apposed to their own belief (Rabbit-Proof Fence). The Moore River Settlement disconnected the children with their families and this prevented the children from finding their families or returning back to their homes. Children at the Moore River Settlement were also taught to believe that their past (traditions and origins) to be an ‘evil thing’ and persuaded them through the use of force to never revisit their original way of life and continue on living in western society. This is done in order to ‘protect the child’ by making them conform to western lifestyle. According to Mr. A.O. Neville, who is the Chief Protector of Aborigines, the half-caste children should be removed from their families for the fear of miscegenation. He states that there will be a ‘racial classification dilemma’ as the half-caste child could â€Å"allow a creation of an unwanted third race† and there will be a dispute on whether or not â€Å"the colors be encouraged to go back to the blacks† or â€Å"advance to the white status and be absorbed in the white population†. He further adds that half-caste children can be bred into ‘white people’ through after three generations of marriages with white people starting from the half-blood grandmother, leading to the quadroon daughter and the octoroon grandson as after â€Å"the third generation, no trace of origin is apparent†¦continuing infiltration of white blood†¦finally stamps out the black color†. This clearly shows the desire to attain white racial purity in which the Aboriginal is finally bred out. Second is subjugation of the Aborigine. The film the Rabbit-Proof Fence shows subjugation of the Aborigine through power and law. This can be seen through the use of characters, symbols and settings developed throughout the movie. The most powerful character is Mr. A.O. Neville, chief protector and legal guardian of every Aboriginal in Western Australia in the 1930s. He represents authority as throughout the entire movie, he is portrayed as having perfectly combed and waxed hair and is always seen in a suit which is in immaculate condition. This is combined with his power to control every Aborigine in the state: â€Å"Every Aborigine in this state comes under my control†, he said. He displays his authority by signing an order for the institutionalization of Molly, Daisy and Gracie and by his formal pattern of speech; â€Å"I’m authorizing their removal. They’re to be taken to Moore River as soon as possible†. Molly Craig’s character, on the other hand, shows the contrast to power and law. Molly’s hair is free and her clothing is simple to portray her carefree lifestyle without official rules. Molly’s speech is also informal and mostly made up of simple sentences; â€Å"Where your country? How far does rabbit fence go to?† When these two characters clash, we see the effects of power and law on the powerless Aborigine. From these two examples, it is clearly seen that the whites held the power to dominate the Aborigines because they held authority through law. Even when an aborigine acquires some power and law, as depicted in the character of Moodoo, he is still not powerful enough to go against the white oppressors. He can neither get himself or his daughter to totally abandon the Moore River Settlement. In addition, he also has to suffer with a lost of identity as he is not entirely accepted by the white or aboriginal communities because of his role as a tracker. Symbolism is another way to represent power and law. Mr. Neville’s stationary especially his pen and rubber stamp are powerful objects. They are the most powerful tool because they are used to authorize the removal of the three half-caste girls. It is also a tool to grant permission to marry, visit children and buy new shoes. The three aboriginal children were forced to fight the forces of the whites with their own set of powers without the help from the law. They have the power of culture, taught to them by their mother, Maude. They had learned native survival skills as part of their aboriginal education. Without their knowledge of tracking, hunting and survival in the bush, they would never have made it back to their home. These abilities were essential throughout their journey. This fundamental power of culture was an indigenous strength that allowed survival in a harsh land. It was also a strength that could be used in combat against their white oppressors. Settings are also used to represent power and law. There are two main settings are social setting and physical setting. The social setting consists of patriarch society versus matriarch society. The white oppressors controlled the society that they oppressed by following a ‘patriarch rule’. The individuals with the most power in society are men while women played a subordinate role. Men road horses, drove cars and enforced laws. Women became housewives, secretaries and servants. The Aborigines, on the contrary, controlled their society by following a ‘matriarch rule’. Women became the head of their family and the breadwinner. Men only became an insemination tool. It is also interesting to note that when these two types of social settings clash with one another, the physical power of the patriarchs together with their control of the law overpowers the matriarchs; Constable Riggs forcefully takes the three aboriginal girls from their mothers and grandmother while justifying his actions by saying â€Å"I’ve got the papers, Maude, there’s nothing you can do†. The physical setting too shows the portrayal of power and law. Molly’s home is where modern living and laws are not reinforced. Molly enjoys a free and happy lifestyle because of this. Warm colors found in can be seen through the lush vegetation and large landscape of her home to represent this. Alternatively, Mr. Neville’s office is the home of laws. His office is linear and the objects in the office are placed in an orderly fashion which reflects Mr. Neville’s way of life and the issue of power and law. Besides power and law, the role of education as well plays a role in subjugating the Aborigines. Most children at Moore River Settlement receive basic training to be domestic servants and farm laborers. Only fair-skinned children from the settlement will receive ‘higher education’ from Sister Kate because â€Å"they more clever than us, they can go to proper school†, according to Nina. This results in the children to be taken advantage off from the whites when they return to the society as they will become servants to them. A clear example is Mavis. She graduated from Moore River Settlement and she becomes the servant to a white couple and a sex slave to the couple’s husband. This proves that education is not a tool for social advancement but a regulatory tool for oppression. As a conclusion, the central idea that flows throughout the film is a lack of understanding in the colonizer-colonized relationship. As white colonists gradually occupied the lands of the indigenous people, the latter’s traditional nomadic way of life is seriously eroded. Derisively seen as a ‘stone-age’ race, the aborigines came to rely on handouts as the structure of their society collapsed. Since the settlers were superior in force, the indigenous people were thought of as lesser beings and they felt no remorse for mistreating, controlling and deciding how the indigenous people were supposed to live (Stratton 70, â€Å"Colonialism†). The acts of the Australian government as portrayed in the film can be equated to genocide. To say that the Australian’s western society was right for doing such an immoral offence towards a once prosperous and content civilization is foolish. Their policy was definitely aimed at ‘breeding out’ the Aborigi nality. Many Aboriginal people from the ‘stolen generation’ are psychologically damaged and continue to suffer the effects of destruction of their identity, family and culture. The ‘white’ powers despite their authority have been unable to bring a complete makeover to aboriginal Australia. The young girls made it home, but their victory did not close the education settlement that housed the ‘stolen generation’ of aboriginal children. Years later, as we learn from the film, Molly is once again abducted by the authorities. She retrod her steps while carrying her youngest child to return to her homeland. Her elder daughter was too heavy to carry and she never saw her again. This shows that neither set of forces has ultimately been successful; the white powers of cultural imperialism versus the aboriginal powers of cultural preservation. The struggle between the two powers still continues up till today. Australian Museum. Indigenous Australia: Family. 2004. 23 January 2009 Bates, Daisy. The Passing of the Aborigines: A Lifetime spent among the Natives of Australia. 1983. Project Gutenberg of Australia. 23 January 2009. Bring them home. 23 January 2009 â€Å"Colonialism†. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. 2009. Encyclopaedia Britannica . 23 January 2009. Klages, M. Literary Theory: A Guide for the Perplexed. Great Britain: Continuum. 2006. Marten, J.A. Children and war. New York: NYU Press 2002. Rabit-Proof Fence. Dir. Philip Noyce. Perf. Evelyn Sampi, Laura Monaghan, Tianna Sansbury, Kenneth Branagh, David Gulpilil, Garry McDonald. Miramax 2002. DVD. Read, Peter. The Stolen Generations: The Removal of Aboriginal children in New South Wales 1883 to 1969. 1981. Department of Aboriginal Affairs (New South Wales government). 23 January 2009 Stratton, David. â€Å"Rabbit-Proof Fence (Motion Picture)† Film Television Literature Index 25 Feb. 2002: 70- . EBSCOhost. West Virginia University Library, Morgantown, WV. 23 January 2009. Research Papers on Aborigine-Invading Settler Relationship in Rabbit-Proof FenceWhere Wild and West MeetUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresBringing Democracy to Africa19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentQuebec and CanadaAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Assess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Essay

Transformational Leadership Theory and Personality

Transformational Leadership Theory and Personality The concept of leadership is as old as mankind. A number of theories and conceptual models that explain this concept have been put forward by psychologists among other organisational experts. The theories have been classified into eight broader schools of thought.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Transformational Leadership Theory and Personality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They include: the trait approach to leadership, the behavioral theories, the contingency or situational school, leaders and followers, dispersed leadership, participative theories, relationship theories, and management theories (Bolden, Gosling, Marturano, Dennison, 2003). These schools of thought emerged in the course of the twentieth century. Most of the early theorists were interested in the qualities that made leaders unique compared with their followers. On the other hand, latter theorists have considered various variables like situation and level of skills in understanding leadership. This essay discusses the transformational theory of leadership which is under the leaders and followers relationship. Key terms used in the theory shall be explained, major components presented, as well as a description of how the theory works. The strengths and weaknesses of the theory will also be offered. Furthermore, the essay will present a selected organisational behaviour and show how it links to the transformational theory, for instance the influence of leadership on the identified observational behavior or vice versa. Transformational Leadership Theory Transformational theory of leadership is mainly concerned with understanding and explaining the relationships between the leaders and their followers. The theory argues that leaders seek to motivate, encourage, and be a source of inspiration to others by assisting them realise the significance and the higher value of the task presented to them (Covey, 2002). While other theori es focus on the leader as a unique figure, transformational leadership theory is interested in exploring the significance of the relationship between the leader and the follower. The roles of a leader and the one being led are interrelated. Transformational leaders place high priority on the success of their followers in general as well as individual excellence. Thus he or she is supposed to be a team leader.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The concept of transforming leadership was first suggested by James MacGregor Burns in1978. He defines transforming leadership as a relationship of mutual motivation and promotion where followers can assume leadership roles while leaders become agents of moral principles. Burns suggested further that this kind of leadership occurs when leaders and followers interact and in the process uplift one another to advanced levels of mot ivation and moral values. In proposing this theory, Burns was inspired by the humanistic psychology movement and he suggested that a transforming leader has the capacity to change, alter, and raise the motives, values, and objectives of meaningful transformation among those being led (Covey, 2002). According to Burns, transformational leadership is different from other styles because of the roles expected of a leader and the follower. The other leadership styles consider a leader as a dominant figure who is always in front as others follow. Transformational leaders are empowered with a special ability to change the leaders as well as the followers by the use of principles that makes them have mutual adherence to modal values and end-values (Tichy Devanna, 2006). The concept of transforming leadership as advanced by Burns was later developed by Bernard Bass into that of transformational leadership. Bass proposed that in this style, the leader’s ultimate aim is to transform th e followers (Bass Avolio, 1994). This conception draws a difference between Bass’ and Burn’s idea of leadership. Bass views the interaction between the leader and the followers as being one-way while Burns’ thinks that both the leader and the one being led have mutual influence and hence a two-way interaction (Bolden et al., 2003). However, Bass includes a new dimension of social change to the style. This perspective is lacking in Burns’ conception of transforming leadership.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Transformational Leadership Theory and Personality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Bass, transformational leaders have the ability to enlarge the portfolio of needs for his or her followers, change a follower’s self-interest, enhance the confidence levels of the followers, raise the level of expectations of those being led, and to set very high standards of value- expectation of the leader for his or her followers. A transformational leader, as put forward by Bass, should encourage and facilitate behavioural change and inspire others to achieve higher levels of personal potentialities equivalent of Maslow’s self-actualisation (Bass Avolio, 1994). Other prominent contributors to this theory of leadership are Tichy and Devanna who added to the ideas of Burns and Bass. They have jointly written a book entitled Transformational Leadership which is targeted at both organisational and work contexts. They argue that transformational leadership is not due to charisma but it is behavioural in nature which implies that it can be learned (Tichy Devanna, 2006). A transformational leader, therefore, is viewed under this theory as a role model with which the followers admire and would want to identify with. For a long time, the most common model of leadership has been that of a ‘bottom line’ approach. However, transformational leaders hip adopts the ‘top line’ perspective. Some characteristics of transformational leadership as outlined by Covey (2002) include: Builds on an innate desire by man for meaning in life Focuses on promoting moral and ethical values Rises above daily affairs Is geared towards the attainment of long-term goals without violating accepted human values and principles Concerned mostly with missions and laying of strategies to achieve them Aim at helping people release their full human potential by identifying and cultivating people’s talents Evaluates and re-evaluates job opportunities with an aim of making them challenging and purposeful Focuses on internal organisational structures and systems in order to reinforce desired values and goals The main goal of transformational leadership, according to Bolden et al. (2003), is to literally ‘transform’ people as well as organisations by changing their mind and heart; enlarging vision, insight, and level of under standing; ensuring clarity of purposes; making behavior to be in tandem with held beliefs, principles, or values; and facilitating permanent changes that are self-perpetuating, and with own dynamic momentum. Transformational leaders are associated with unique behaviours that distinguish them from other leadership styles. In their book ‘Transformational Leadership Styles and Behaviors,’ Bass and Avolio identify some of the behaviors exhibited by transformational leaders (1994). The first style is the idealised behaviour which emphasises on living one’s ideals.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is characterised by an individual talking about the deep-held values and beliefs and tendency to have a strong sense of purpose in life. People with this style are very concerned with the moral and ethical consequences of their decisions and actions and are always enthusiastic in exploring new possibilities of doing things. Such leaders also like talking about the essence of building trust among each other. The second behaviour is the desire of the leader to inspire others. This is usually achieved by being optimistic about the future even if in the midst of trouble, talking confidently about the achievement of set goals, assuring the followers that the goals will be attained, and providing a vivid image of the future and the most essential things to be done. A transformational leader is also known to take a strong stand even on controversial issues. Thirdly, those using this style of leadership are usually intellectually stimulating. They offer a critique of every assumption to evaluate their appropriateness and explore various alternatives when solving problems facing their organisation by viewing the problem from different angles. Such leaders are also known to discourage followers from using conventional approaches while addressing traditional problems by encouraging them to question those assumptions that have not been subjected to critical questioning. The fourth characteristic of transformational leaders is that of embracing individualised consideration. They prefer spending time and resources teaching and developing others and treat each one of them as an individual as opposed to as a group. These leaders are keen on understanding individual concerns of the followers and helping them capitalise on their strengths. The fifth behaviour associated with transformational leadership is that of idealised attributes where the leader instill a sense of pride in the followers and often prioritises the concerns of the group. They always strive to be role model s by dedicate themselves to the service of others. This theory of leadership has both advantages and disadvantages. On the positive side, the theory is quite optimistic and envisions a future of possibilities, can transform people’s mindsets to see new chances, help in ensuring that the organisation remains true to its mission and vision, enhances uniqueness of an organisation, does not encourage master-servant relationship in the organisation, and helps in bringing up an inspired workforce that will strive to achieve the organisation’s goals. However, the theory may be criticised for being overambitious and setting unrealistic goals, advocates for the bigger picture which may result in missing out important details, and relying on motivation and inspiration alone as suggested by the theory may obscure one from truth and reality. Organisational Behaviour Organisational Behavior (OB) refers to the study of individual as well as group dynamics in a given organisation, an d the nature of the organisations under consideration (Nelson Quick, 2007). It has been acknowledged that when people interact in organisations, a number of factors influence the interaction process. Despite the diversity in the work place in terms of people’s backgrounds and cultural values, they are expected to work in harmony for maximum output. This topic has seen a growing interest in the study of organisational behavior. Personality and Organisation The behaviour of an individual is determined by his or her personality which incorporates a person’s qualities, unique skills and expertise together with such traits as grooming and general attitude (Nelson Quick, 2007). All these combine to form a specific consistent behavioural pattern of a person in specified contexts. Personality is a reflection of how one’s feelings, thoughts, cognitions and overt behaviour have been ordered. It has been established that certain u patterns are not physically observable u nless they are tested. Any given organisation is greatly influenced by the personality of individuals in it. A number of methods have been developed to measure people’s personality. They include Personality Inventories, Projective Tests, and Assessment Centre (Nelson Quick, 2007). Personality Inventory is a commonly used method and involves answering a set of questions which are designed to elicit a specific dimension of personality. The respondents are expected to indicate the extent to which they either agree or disagree with a given statement. Projective Test, on the other hand, is a bit sophisticated method of testing personality. In this approach, it is assumed that the prevalent fantasies, feelings, aspirations and expectations are measurable and cab be used to test personality. Ten pictures which are symmetrically dived into two are presented to a person undergoing the test and the individual is expected to indicate what he or she perceives in the pictures. The third method, Assessment Center, is made up of several methods used to test employees’ personalities. It includes various tasks associated with the organisation. The results are then classified into behavioural patterns that may be used to determine personality like sensitivity to others, personal ambitions, independence, and so on. The main objective of strategies used in organsational behavior is to help employees perform at their best and hence facilitate the achievement of organisational goals. It has been established that the performance of an individual depends largely on the competencies and will-power. However, motivation of employees plays a crucial role in the attainment of set goals. Managers, therefore, ought to understand each employee and how best to motivate them. Motivation is a skill that should be employed by every manager. Some of the strategies include the provision of opportunities for growth and recognition in the work place, allowing the employee to exercise some degree of freedom on the work schedule, empowering workers in their area of specialisation, among other approaches. A highly motivated employee has optimum output and vice versa. Personality and Transformational Leadership Theory This essay has discussed the Transformational Leadership Theory in terms of its components, how it works, as well as some of the strengths and weaknesses. The relationship between personality and organisation has also been explored. There is a strong relationship between transformational leadership theory and the topic of personality in organisational behaviour. It has been noted that the theory argues that leaders always seek to motivate, encourage, and be a source of inspiration to others by assisting them realise the significance and the higher value of the task presented to them. This theory, therefore, advocates for the development of personality of an individual. This is in support of the idea that personality of an employee has significant influ ence on the general performance of the organisation. In organisational behavior, there is need to understand how individuals are motivated and how their interaction affect the running of the organisation. This also calls for an investigation of how managers or organisational leaders interact with their employees or followers. Here, transformational leadership theory may be helpful since its principles are at the core of leader-follower relationship and the role of each party. Both topics advocate for the need for motivation in bringing out the best in individuals. For a leader who uses the transformational style, he or she must fully understand the personality of his or her followers and hence the need to be conversant with this topic under organisational behavior. It can be concluded that there is a strong link between transformational leadership theory and personality in organisations. The focus of the two is on understanding individual persons and their characteristics. Motivatio n forms the basis of these two areas of interest. Although personality may be used to define an individual as he or she is, there is a possibility of influencing it through proper motivation and inspiration. References Bass, B. M. Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through  transformational leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Bolden, R., Gosling, J., Marturano, A. Dennison, P. (2003). A Review of  Leadership Theory and Competency Frameworks. Center for Leadership Studies: University of Exeter Covey, S. (2002). Principle-Centered Leadership (3rd ed). Simon and Schuster Nelson, D. L. Quick, J. C. (2007). Understanding organizational behavior (3rd ed). Cengage Learning Tichy, N. Devanna, M. (2006). Transformational leadership (4th ed.). New York: Wiley